Mmiri soluble fatịlaịza mmepụta Line

Okwu mmalite nke usoro ịgba ụka:
Biogas gbaa ụka, makwaara dị ka anaerobic mgbaze na anaerobic gbaa ụka, na-ezo aka organic okwu (dị ka mmadụ, anụ ụlọ na anụ ọkụkọ nri, ahịhịa, ahịhịa, wdg) n'okpuru ụfọdụ mmiri mmiri, okpomọkụ na anaerobic ọnọdụ, site catabolism nke dị iche iche microorganisms, na. N'ikpeazụ Usoro nke ịmepụta ngwakọta na-ere ọkụ nke gas dị ka methane na carbon dioxide.The biogas gbaa ụka usoro dabeere na ụkpụrụ nke biogas gbaa ụka, na ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ume mmepụta, na n'ikpeazụ ghọtara na keukwu itinye n'ọrụ nke biogas, biogas slurry na biogas fọdụrụnụ.

Mgbasa mmiri biogas bụ usoro biochemical dị mgbagwoju anya nwere njirimara ndị a:
(1) Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị microorganisms na-etinye aka na mmeghachi omume gbaa ụka, ọ nweghịkwa ụkpụrụ maka iji otu ụdị na-emepụta biogas, na inoculum dị mkpa maka ịgba ụka n'oge mmepụta na ule.
(2) Ngwa ngwa eji eme gbaa ụka dị mgbagwoju anya ma si n'ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche pụta.Enwere ike iji ihe dị iche iche ma ọ bụ ngwakọta dị iche iche mee ihe dị ka akụrụngwa sie ike, ngwaahịa ikpeazụ bụ biogas.Na mgbakwunye, gbaa ụka biogas nwere ike iji mkpokọta COD gafere 50,000 mg/L yana mkpofu ahịhịa nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya siri ike.
Oriri ike nke microorganisms biogas dị ala.N'okpuru otu ọnọdụ ahụ, ike a chọrọ maka mgbaze anaerobic na-akpata naanị 1/30 ~ 1/20 nke decomposition aerobic.
Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị ngwaọrụ ịgba mmiri biogas, nke dị iche na nhazi na ihe onwunwe, mana ụdị ngwaọrụ ọ bụla nwere ike ịmịpụta biogas ma ọ bụrụhaala na nhazi ahụ nwere ezi uche.
Mgbasa mmiri ndụ ndụ na-ezo aka na usoro a na-esi na-emepụta ihe mkpofu ahịhịa dị iche iche site na microorganisms biogas iji mepụta gas.Enwere ike kewaa ya ụzọ atọ:
Ogbo mmiri mmiri
Ebe ọ bụ na ihe dị iche iche siri ike nke organic enweghị ike ịbanye na microorganisms wee jiri ya mee ihe site na microorganisms, ihe ahụ siri ike a ga-agbanyerịrị n'ime monosaccharides soluble, amino acids, glycerol, na fatty acids nwere obere ihe dị arọ.Ihe ndị a soluble nke nwere obere ibu molekụla nwere ike ịbanye n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ microbial wee reekwa ọzọ ma tinye ya n'ọrụ.
Acidogenic ogbo
Ihe dị iche iche soluble (monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids) na-aga n'ihu na-emebi ma gbanwee ghọọ ihe ndị dị ala n'okpuru mmetụta nke nje bacteria cellulosic, protein bacteria, lipobacteria, na pectin bacteria intracellular enzymes, dị ka butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid. na mmanya , ketones, aldehydes na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mfe organic;N'otu oge ahụ, a na-ahapụ ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe dị ka hydrogen, carbon dioxide na amonia.Ma na ọkwa a, isi ngwaahịa bụ acetic acid, na-aza ihe karịrị 70%, ya mere a na-akpọ ya ọgbọ ọgbọ acid.A na-akpọ nje bacteria na-ekere òkè na oge a acidogens.
Methanogenic ogbo
Nje bacteria methanogenic na-emebi ihe dị mfe dị ka acetic acid nke mebiri na nke abụọ n'ime methane na carbon dioxide, na carbon dioxide na-ebelata ka methane n'okpuru ọrụ nke hydrogen.A na-akpọ ọkwa a ọkwa mmepụta gas, ma ọ bụ ọkwa methanogenic.
Bakteria methanogenic chọrọ ibi na gburugburu ebe nwere ike mbelata oxidation n'okpuru -330mV, na gbaa ụka biogas chọrọ ebe anaerobic siri ike.
A na-ekwenyekarị na site na nbibi nke ihe dị iche iche dị mgbagwoju anya ruo n'ọgbọ ikpeazụ nke biogas, e nwere nnukwu ìgwè ise nke nje bacteria na-etinye aka, bụ nje bacteria fermentative, bacteria na-emepụta acetogenic bacteria, hydrogen na-eri acetogenic bacteria, hydrogen-eri. methanogen na acetic acid na-emepụta nje bacteria.Methanogens.Otu ise nke nje bacteria mejupụtara nri nri.Dị ka ọdịiche nke metabolites ha si dị, atọ mbụ nke nje bacteria na-emecha usoro nke hydrolysis na acidification ọnụ, na nke abụọ nke nje bacteria na-emecha usoro nke methane.
nje bacteria fermentative
Enwere ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche nke nwere ike iji mee ihe maka ịgba ụka biogas, dị ka nri anụ ụlọ, ahịhịa ahịhịa, ihe mkpofu nhazi nri na mmanya na ihe ndị ọzọ, na ihe ndị bụ isi nke kemịkal ya gụnyere polysaccharides (dị ka cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, pectin). wdg), klaasị lipids na protein.Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a dị mgbagwoju anya na-adịghị ahụkebe na mmiri, a ga-ebu ụzọ mebie ya ka ọ bụrụ sugars soluble, amino acids na fatty acids site na enzymes extracellular nke nje bacteria na-emepụta na-ezo tupu ha enwee ike ịmịnye ma jiri ya mee ihe site na microorganisms.Mgbe nje nje ndị ahụ na-agbari agbaze banye n'ime ihe ndị ahụ a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu soluble n'ime sel, a na-atụgharị ha na acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid na alcohols site na gbaa ụka, a na-emepụtakwa ụfọdụ hydrogen na carbon dioxide n'otu oge.Ọnụ ego acetic acid, propionic acid na butyric acid dị n'ime efere gbaa ụka n'oge ịgba ụka biogas ka a na-akpọ mkpokọta volatile acid (TVA).N'okpuru ọnọdụ ịgba ụka nkịtị, acetic acid bụ isi acid na mkpokọta acid a na-arụ ọrụ.Mgbe a na-emebi ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ, na mgbakwunye na ngwaahịa, a ga-enwekwa amonia hydrogen sulfide.Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị nje bacteria fermentative na-etinye aka na usoro ịgba ụka hydrolytic, na e nwere ọtụtụ narị ụdị ama ama, gụnyere Clostridium, Bacteroides, Butyric acid bacteria, Lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacteria na Spiral bacteria.Ọtụtụ n'ime nje bacteria ndị a bụ anaerobes, kamakwa anaerobes nwere ikike.[1]
Methanogens
N'oge ịgba mmiri biogas, usoro methane na-ebute site na otu nje bacteria pụrụ iche nke a na-akpọ methanogens.Methanogens gụnyere hydromethanotrophs na acetomethanotrophs, nke bụ ndị otu ikpeazụ n'ime nri nri n'oge mgbaze anaerobic.Ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere ụdị dị iche iche, ọnọdụ ha na nri nri na-eme ka ha nwee àgwà physiological nkịtị.N'okpuru ọnọdụ anaerobic, ha na-agbanwe ngwaahịa ikpeazụ nke atọ mbụ nke nje bacteria na ngwaahịa gas methane na carbon dioxide na-anọghị nke ndị na-anabata hydrogen dị n'èzí, ka e wee nwee ike ịmechaa decomposition nke organic n'okpuru ọnọdụ anaerobic.

Nhọrọ usoro ngwọta nke ihe ọkụkụ:
Mmepụta nke ihe ngwọta na-edozi ihe ọkụkụ na-ezube iji ihe ndị bara uru na biogas slurry ma gbakwunye ihe ịnweta mineral zuru ezu iji mee ka ngwaahịa a rụchara nwee àgwà ka mma.
Dị ka ihe anụ ahụ macromolecular eke, humic acid nwere ezigbo ọrụ physiological na ọrụ nke absorption, mgbagwoju anya na mgbanwe.
Iji humic acid na biogas slurry maka ọgwụgwọ chelation nwere ike ime ka nkwụsi ike nke slurry biogas dịkwuo elu, ịgbakwụnye chelation chelation trace element nwere ike ime ka ihe ọkụkụ na-amịkọrọ ihe ndị dị mkpa.

Humic acid chelation usoro:
Chelation na-ezo aka na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke ejikọtara ion ọla na atọm nhazi abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa (na-abụghị metal) n'otu molekul ahụ site na njikọ njikọta iji mepụta usoro heterocyclic (mgbanaka chelate) nwere ion ọla.ụdị mmetụta.Ọ dị ka chelation mmetụta nke nshịkọ claws, ya mere aha.Nhazi nke mgbanaka chelate na-eme ka chelate kwụsie ike karịa mgbagwoju anya na-abụghị nke chelate nwere ihe mejupụtara na nhazi yiri ya.Mmetụta a na-abawanye nkwụsi ike nke chelation kpatara na-akpọ mmetụta chelation.
A na-akpọ mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke otu na-arụ ọrụ nke otu molecule ma ọ bụ abụọ molecule na ion metal na-etolite usoro mgbanaka site na nhazi a na-akpọ chelation, nke a makwaara dị ka chelation ma ọ bụ cyclization.N'ime ígwè inorganic nke ahụ mmadụ na-etinye, naanị 2-10% na-abanye n'ime ya.Mgbe a na-atụgharị mineral ka ọ bụrụ ụdị mgbaze, a na-agbakwunye amino acids iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ogige "chelate".Nke mbụ, Chelation pụtara ịhazi ihe ndị dị na ịnweta n'ime ụdị mgbaze.Ngwaahịa ịnweta nkịtị, dị ka nri ọkpụkpụ, dolomite, wdg, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịbeghị mgbe a "chepụtara".Ya mere, na usoro mgbaze, ọ ga-ebu ụzọ nweta ọgwụgwọ "chelation".Agbanyeghị, usoro okike nke imepụta mineral ka ọ bụrụ ogige chelate (chelate) n'ime ahụ ọtụtụ mmadụ anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma.N'ihi ya, ihe mgbakwunye mineral fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe efu.Site na nke a anyị maara na ihe ndị ahụ mmadụ na-eri apụghị ịrụpụta mmetụta ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu.Ọtụtụ n'ime ahụ mmadụ enweghị ike ịgbari nri nke ọma na ịmịnye nri.N'ime ígwè inorganic nke metụtara, naanị 2% -10% na-agbari n'ezie, na 50% ga-apụ apụ, ya mere ahụ mmadụ ejirila ígwè "chegharịa".“Mgbari na nnabata nke mineral ndị a na-emeso dị elu ugboro 3-10 karịa nke mineral ndị a na-adịghị edozi.Ọ bụrụgodị na ị na-emefu ntakịrị ego, ọ bara uru.
Fatịlaịza ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a na ihe ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ agaghị enwe ike ịmịnye ya ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ihi na ala dị n'ime ala na-adị mfe idozi ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụ anya.N'ozuzu, ojiji nke ihe ndị chepụtara echedoro n'ime ala dị elu karịa nke ihe nchọta ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe.Ọnụ ahịa ihe nchọta chepụtara dịkwa elu karịa nke fatịlaịza nchọta inorganic.